![]() Nonetheless, Russia showed United States’ inspectors its new Avangard hypersonic glide vehicle in late November 2019 as part of its obligations under the New START treaty. The demise of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty exemplifies this most clearly, with its collapse precipitated by Russian breaches as well as the Trump administration’s determination – with an eye to China’s military modernisation – that the bilateral accord had outlived its usefulness. Globally, key elements of the rules-based international order that characterised the post-Second World War period are being challenged. At the same time, advanced military capabilities, augmented by potentially disruptive new technologies, continue to spread. ![]() This is producing further uncertainty and may cause states to hedge their defence relations and procurement priorities. ![]() Some previously held assumptions about the direction of national defence policies and decision-making priorities are being questioned. Editor’s Introduction As the 2020 edition of The Military Balance is published, defence debates remain dominated by an unstable inter national security environment.
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